Pulse Pressure
Definition: Systolic BP - Diastolic BPExample: 120 - 80 = 40 mmHg
Variations in Pulse Pressure are due to:
- changes in compliance of aorta
- changes in stroke volume
Factors that determine pulse pressure
It is helpful to think of the definition of compliance C = ∆V/∆P and rearrange this to think about factors governing ∆P (stroke volume).
∆P = ∆V/C
Factors affecting systolic pressure
- Compliance of the aorta
- A highly compliant aorta (i.e., less stiff) has a smaller pulse pressure for a given stroke volume into the aorta.
- A larger stroke volume (not shown in the figure) produces a larger pulse pressure at any given compliance.
- Aortic compliance decreases with age due to structural changes, thereby producing age-dependent increases in pulse pressure.
- For a given stroke volume, compliance determines pulse pressure and not mean aortic pressure.
- However, because vessels display dynamic compliance, increasing the rate of ventricular ejection (as occurs with increased ventricular inotropy) will increase the pulse pressure compared to the same volume ejected at a lower rate.
- Stroke Volume
Factors affecting diastolic pressure
- Rate of runoff
3. Runoff time
John Wood, PhD, KUMC, lecture Power Points
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