•Increased release from cells:
•Hemolysis [leaking from mechanically damaged RBC]
•Metabolic acidosis
•Primary adrenal insufficiency
•Insulin deficiency
•Increased tissue catabolism
•Beta adrenergic blockade
•Exercise
•Reduced urinary excretion of K+
•Hypoaldosteronism (clinically important in the context of underlying renal disease)
•Renal failure
•Type 4 renal tubular acidosis
